{"id":47812,"date":"2024-10-01T23:31:43","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T23:31:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gsgf.greenschoolsgreenfuture.org\/?p=47812"},"modified":"2025-01-18T20:35:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-18T20:35:49","slug":"the-key-to-fix-californias-inadequate-water-storage-groundwater-scientists-say","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gsgf.greenschoolsgreenfuture.org\/fr\/the-key-to-fix-californias-inadequate-water-storage-groundwater-scientists-say\/","title":{"rendered":"The Key to Fixing California\u2019s Inadequate Water Storage? Groundwater, Scientists Say"},"content":{"rendered":"

[<\/strong>Photo: Drazen\/Adobe Stock<\/strong>]<\/strong><\/p>\n

A new study finds that the state should replenish groundwater aquifers to sustain agriculture.<\/p>\n

Sprinklers water a lettuce field in Holtville, California on Feb. 9, 2023. The agriculture sector uses about 80 percent of the state\u2019s consumed water. Credit:\u00a0Sandy Huffaker\/AFP via Getty Images<\/p>\n

A new University of California Riverside\u00a0study<\/a>\u00a0on California agriculture and climate proposes a plan for new water capture, storage and distribution systems throughout California that will sustain agriculture and keep up with climate trajectories.<\/p>\n

Available water for consumption is disappearing because of climate change and failing storage systems, leaving one of its top consumers\u2014the agricultural industry\u2014scrambling, the study concludes.<\/p>\n

California\u2019s agriculture sector uses about 40 percent of all the state\u2019s water, or 80 percent of its consumed water. With less water available, agriculture must adjust. The study provides a pathway for the sector to do so.<\/p>\n

The study, published last month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, finds that groundwater aquifers have more storage potential than surface water reservoirs. So, instead of devoting decades to build more dams and reservoirs that are subject to evaporation and overflow, water should be diverted into these depleted aquifers below the Central Valley and the coastal plains.<\/p>\n

Explore the latest news about what\u2019s at stake for the climate during this election season.<\/p>\n

Over the past 40 years, aquifers have been over pumped, meaning more water has been taken out than put back in. When aquifers become too depleted, the land can subside. \u201cIn some parts of the Central Valley, it\u2019s been sinking a foot or two a year,\u201d said Kurt Schwabe, a public policy professor at UC Riverside and co-author of the study. Land subsidence can cause infrastructure like buildings and highways to crack and degrade. It also harms the aquifer\u2019s capacity to hold water and the health of the surrounding ecosystems.<\/p>\n

Not only can replenishing groundwater aquifers limit these negative environmental impacts, but it can also bolster a water \u201csavings account\u201d during times of drought. When California lacks surface water, water usage shifts to groundwater stores.<\/p>\n

But the big problem isn\u2019t simply a quantity issue: \u201cWhen I moved to California over 20 years ago, someone told me, \u2018Don\u2019t let people tell you there isn\u2019t a lot of water in California because there is. The problem is that it\u2019s just managed really poorly,\u201d said Schwabe.<\/p>\n

The drought-plagued state was just drenched by two wet seasons and atmospheric rivers, but its infrastructure failed to adequately store that excess water.<\/p>\n

Think of it like a leaky roof. In the past, you could have stored rainwater seeping through your roof in a gallon bucket for five separate rain events. Now, you would need a five gallon bucket for just one rain event.<\/p>\n

Although the amount of precipitation hasn\u2019t changed much compared to historical rates, \u201cclimate change has typically reduced the number of rainfall events, but has made them much more intense,\u201d said Schwabe.<\/p>\n

Additionally, the climate crisis has led to high temperatures that evaporate surface waters before they can replenish and prevent rainfall from accumulating as snowpack, which has traditionally refilled reservoirs throughout the spring.<\/p>\n

Like the gallon bucket, California\u2019s\u00a0too-small storage facilities<\/a>\u00a0and slowly absorbing landscape can no longer hold the water, leading to flash flood warnings and potentially useful water flowing back to the ocean.<\/p>\n

For example, two winters\u2019 worth of snow followed by intense heat created a flood risk in 2023. State officials decided to\u00a0release<\/a>\u00a0water from Lake Oroville and other reservoirs across Southern California and the Central Valley. Although this helped prevent flooding and sent water downstream, many Californians were upset that the fresh water was being wasted. In attempts to reduce overflow releases, water agencies and irrigation districts made\u00a0recharge basins<\/a>\u00a0to capture precipitation. But it wasn\u2019t enough. Constant over pumping and a changing climate leave aquifers depleted to this day.<\/p>\n

Their natural recharge process \u2013 precipitation accumulating as surface water that percolates through the soil to recharge groundwater aquifers \u2013 can also be disrupted by urbanization or impervious covers like pavement, said Bruk Berhanu, a senior researcher in water efficiency and reuse at the Pacific Institute.<\/p>\n

The study suggests more managed aquifer recharge (MAR) infrastructure is needed to adequately catch large amounts of water in short time periods and avoid similar water-loss situations.<\/p>\n

MAR is an intentional method of recharging aquifers, especially those at low levels. Already commonly implemented in California, MAR infrastructure includes conveyance structures that redistribute water to dehydrated locations, and injection\u2014spraying water on land or, the more costly option, directly infusing water in wells.<\/p>\n

Yet, to ensure an effective recharge of the aquifers, more monitoring and measurement is required. \u201cThrough 2014, growers were not required to monitor or report any withdraws or injections to aquifers,\u201d said Schwabe.<\/p>\n

Regardless, California has more monitoring practices than other states mainly because water availability is not as big of a concern elsewhere, said Berhanu. Monitoring standards vary by state and region. Regulations for urban areas differ from agricultural or industrial areas. Based on Berhanu\u2019s work assessing the country\u2019s volumetric potential for water use efficiency at the municipal level, he found that \u201cthere is no federal regulatory framework for monitoring or reporting. In a lot of cases, water supplies aren\u2019t even metered.\u201d<\/p>\n

Even in areas that did have regulations, the reports were often infrequent or incomplete; the UC Riverside researchers are working on expanding the few accurate monitoring systems put in place in Southern California by proactive growers.<\/p>\n

Additionally, the study proposes voluntary water markets where farmers with a surplus of water can trade it to another farmer in need. It\u2019s a win-win process: the selling farmer makes extra profit and the other gets much-needed water. \u201cWith prices based on scarcity plus delivery costs, such a marketplace would have incentives for storage and efficient use,\u201d Schwabe said in a press release.<\/p>\n

Berhanu added that water trading markets can work in some areas but not in others; \u201cit needs a very strong governance framework to make sure all of the players are playing according to the rules.\u201d The process will need to have improved monitoring practices, transparent data, and clear external costs, he said. \u201cThe more decentralized you get with how these transactions are being made, it becomes very difficult to coordinate the overall watershed scale system benefits.\u201d<\/p>\n

The study also mentions the value of reusing wastewater. Historically, wastewater has been treated to an environmental safety standard then released into the ocean or groundwater system. Over time, natural processes will clean it. Instead of waiting for the environment to purify it, water treatment facilities can repurpose the wastewater for irrigation, commercial use, or recharging purposes.<\/p>\n

As of 2023, water treatment plants can purify wastewater so well that people can drink it. \u201cAt some point, the water that we use will become someone else\u2019s water for drinking or irrigation,\u201d said Berhanu. Whether wastewater is for drinking or recharging aquifers, California plants are expanding their operations to include recycling methods so they can produce a sufficient supply.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe overall volume of water in the world doesn\u2019t really change. We need to shift our thinking from looking at how much water is available at one point of time to trying to better integrate our practices with the entire water cycle,\u201d said Berhanu.<\/p>\n

The study goes on to mention numerous efficiency-based and management solutions beyond groundwater, like sustainable farming practices, land repurposing and desalination to help the agriculture industry adjust.<\/p>\n

\u201cNow is the time to think about possibilities and opportunities for collaboration across agriculture, municipalities, and the environment to invest in smart investments that capture more water and put it in the ground,\u201d said Schwabe.<\/p>\n

By\u00a0Caroline Marshall Reinhart<\/a><\/p>\n

September 16, 2024<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A study suggests California use groundwater as a sustainable solution to decreased water stores from climate change. Read on for the details.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":47816,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-articles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFixing California\u2019s Inadequate Water Storage With Groundwater<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A study suggests California use groundwater as a sustainable solution to decreased water stores from climate change. 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